PALMERSTON NORTH, NEW ZEALAND

Average Temperature

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
C		13.2		17.8		18.2		16.4		13.6		11.3		9.1		8.5		9.2		10.9		12.4		14.1		16.4

Average High Temperature

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
C		17.7		22.9		23.3		21.5		18.6		15.7		13.2		12.6		13.5		15.2		16.7		18.6		21.1

Average Low Temperature

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
C		8.6		12.6		13		11.3		8.7		6.8		5		4.3		5		6.7		8.1		9.5		11.7

Highest Recorded Temperature

Years on Record: 18

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
C		32.2		32.2		31.3		29.2		25.7		23.6		19.1		19.3		19.8		22		25.4		28.5		29.9

Average Number of Days Above 80F/26C

Years on Record: 18

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		25.3		8.4		8.8		4.5		0.2		---		---		---		---		---		0.1		0.3		3

Average Precipitation

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
mm		990		70		70		60		80		80		90		70		80		70		90		80		80

Average Evaporation Rate

Years on Record: 19

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
mm		949.9		140.2		125.6		106.6		59.3		41.5		33.5		36.4		43.4		58.1		80.2		101.2		123.9

Average Rainfall

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
mm		249.9		15.3		19.8		15.2		16.7		20.4		25.5		23.6		19.1		23.6		23.3		20.9		26.6

Average Number of Rainy Days

Years on Record: 19

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		170.9		9.8		9.5		11		12.1		15.4		17.1		17.5		17.6		16		16.2		14.2		14.5

Most Rain Reported in a Day

Years on Record: 19

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
mm		79.6		50.2		79.6		28		48.4		46.8		58.8		29.4		30		37		52		40.6		41.6

Avg. No. of Days w/Rain Above 0.1in/2mm

Years on Record: 19

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		121.7		7.1		6.9		7.7		8.2		9.9		12.2		11.6		13		11.9		11.8		10.3		11.1

Average Number of Days With Frost

Years on Record: 16

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		16.3		---		---		---		0.4		1.3		4.3		4.8		3.5		1.4		0.5		0.1		---

Average Relative Humidity

Years on Record: 33

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
%		78		73		74		77		81		83		85		84		81		78		75		74		73

Average Morning Relative Humidity

Years on Record: 19

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
%		80.9		75.3		77.7		79.4		81.2		85.8		86.8		86.8		84.6		79.7		80.5		76.7		76

Average Dew Point

Years on Record: 33

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
C		8		11		12		11		10		7		6		5		5		6		7		8		10

Heating Degree Days

Years on Record: 33

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		2050.6		34.4		23.6		68.9		133.3		232.5		291.7		327.2		284.2		225		180.8		125		68.9

Growing Degree Days

Years on Record: 33

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		1336.2		223.9		211.9		189.4		116.7		25.8		---		---		---		25		77.5		125		189.4

Average Sea Level Pressure

Years on Record: 19

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
mbar		1015.6		1015.7		1016.5		1017		1019.1		1016.1		1015.4		1015.7		1014.6		1015.5		1014.4		1013.5		1013.7

Average Vapor Pressure

Years on Record: 19

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
mbar		12.1		14.9		15.3		14		12.7		11.4		9.7		9.3		9.7		10.7		11.6		12.2		14

Average Length of Day

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Hours		12.6		15.2		14.1		12.8		11.5		10.4		9.9		10.1		11.1		12.3		13.6		14.9		15.5

Average Wind Speed

Years on Record: 19

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
km/h		15.1		15.8		15.5		15.1		13		13.7		13.7		14		14		15.5		16.9		18		16.2

Highest Reported Hourly Wind Speed

Years on Record: 15

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
km/h		46.1		38.2		43.4		36.5		35.7		36		38		35.1		39.6		41.3		41.9		46.1		35.4

Highest Reported Wind Gust

Years on Record: 13

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
km/h		109.4		100.1		109.4		88.9		77.8		96.5		92.5		92.5		83.5		96.5		96.5		94.7		94.7

Avg. # of Days w/Wind Above 32 mph/52 km/h

Years on Record: 13

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		171.2		15.6		13.7		14.9		10.3		12.4		11.5		12.5		12.5		15.3		18.6		17.9		16

Avg. # of Days w/Wind Above 39 mph/63 km/h

Years on Record: 13

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		50.8		4.5		2.6		4.1		2.1		3.1		4		3.1		3.5		4.7		7.6		7		4.5

Average Primary Wind Direction

Years on Record: 13

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
°		254.1		257.6		236.5		262.3		237.5		254.6		245.9		209.9		276.6		254.9		270.1		269.2		273.8

Avg. # of Days w/Wind Above 59 mph/82 km/h

Years on Record: 13

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		0.7		0.1		0.1		---		---		0.1		---		---		---		0.1		0.1		0.1		0.1

Average Daily Solar Radiation - Global

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		13.2		20.6		18		14.4		10.5		7.3		5.9		6.5		8.9		12.2		15.6		18.8		20.2

Average Daily Solar Radiation - Diffuse

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		5.9		9.1		7.8		6		4.3		3		2.5		2.7		3.7		5.4		7.2		8.8		9.6

Average Daily Solar Radiation - Reflected

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		14.6		18.4		17.6		15.9		13.9		11.3		10.3		10.8		12.1		14.2		15.7		17.2		17.8

Average Daily Solar Radiation - Direct

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		13.9		17.7		16.4		15		13.4		11.5		10.6		11.1		12		13		13.8		15.5		16.4

Maximum Daily Solar Radiation - Global

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		13.2		20.6		18		14.4		10.5		7.3		5.9		6.5		8.9		12.2		15.6		18.8		20.2

Maximum Daily Solar Radiation - Diffuse

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		6		9.3		8		6.2		4.4		3.1		2.5		2.8		3.8		5.5		7.3		8.9		9.7

Maximum Daily Solar Radiation - Reflected

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		17.2		20.7		20.3		20.4		16.7		13.4		11.9		12.8		13.9		16.2		18		22		20.4

Maximum Daily Solar Radiation - Direct

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		18.3		22.3		21.4		22.4		17.5		14.3		12.8		13.9		14.6		16		17.7		25.1		21.8

Minimum Daily Solar Radiation - Global

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		11		15.8		14.2		12.1		8.9		6.7		4.9		5.3		7.9		10.7		13.5		15.6		16.2

Minimum Daily Solar Radiation - Diffuse

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		5.5		8.8		7.5		5.3		4		2.9		2.4		2.6		3.6		5.2		7.1		7.9		9.2

Minimum Daily Solar Radiation - Reflected

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		11.8		14.3		13.7		12.8		11.1		9.9		7.7		8		10.4		12.1		13.4		14.3		14.3

Minimum Daily Solar Radiation - Direct

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Mj/m2		9.6		10.3		10.1		10.4		9.6		9.5		7.2		7.3		9.5		10		10.4		10.6		10.3